json-c 0.15

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# `json-c`

1. Overview and Build Status
2. Building on Unix
   - Prerequisites
   - Build commands
3. CMake options
4. Testing
5. Building with `vcpkg`
6. Linking to libjson-c
7. Using json-c

## JSON-C - A JSON implementation in C

Build Status

- AppVeyor Build
- Travis Build

Test Status

- Coveralls ![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/github/json-c/json-c/badge.svg?branch=master)

JSON-C implements a reference counting object model that allows you to easily construct JSON objects in C, output them as JSON formatted strings and parse JSON formatted strings back into the C representation of JSON objects. It aims to conform to RFC 7159.

## Building on Unix with `git`, `gcc` and `cmake`

Home page for json-c: https://github.com/json-c/json-c/wiki

### Prerequisites:

- `gcc`, `clang`, or another C compiler

- cmake>=2.8, >=3.16 recommended

To generate docs you'll also need:

- `doxygen>=1.8.13`

If you are on a relatively modern system, you'll likely be able to install the prerequisites using your OS's packaging system.

### Install using apt (e.g. Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS)

    sudo apt install git
    sudo apt install cmake
    sudo apt install doxygen  # optional
    sudo apt install valgrind # optional

### Build instructions:

`json-c` GitHub repo: https://github.com/json-c/json-c

    $ git clone https://github.com/json-c/json-c.git
    $ mkdir json-c-build
    $ cd json-c-build
    $ cmake ../json-c   # See CMake section below for custom arguments

Note: it's also possible to put your build directory inside the json-c source directory, or even not use a separate build directory at all, but certain things might not work quite right (notably, `make distcheck`)

Then:

    $ make
    $ make test
    $ make USE_VALGRIND=0 test   # optionally skip using valgrind
    $ make install

### Generating documentation with Doxygen:

The libray documentation can be generated directly from the source codes using Doxygen tool:

    # in build directory
    make doc
    google-chrome doc/html/index.html

## CMake Options

The json-c library is built with CMake, which can take a few options.

Variable | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX | String | The install location.
CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE | String | Defaults to "debug".
BUILD_SHARED_LIBS | Bool | The default build generates a dynamic (dll/so) library. Set this to OFF to create a static library only.
BUILD_STATIC_LIBS | Bool | The default build generates a static (lib/a) library. Set this to OFF to create a shared library only.
DISABLE_STATIC_FPIC | Bool | The default builds position independent code. Set this to OFF to create a shared library only.
DISABLE_BSYMBOLIC | Bool | Disable use of -Bsymbolic-functions.
DISABLE_THREAD_LOCAL_STORAGE | Bool | Disable use of Thread-Local Storage (HAVE___THREAD).
DISABLE_WERROR | Bool | Disable use of -Werror.
ENABLE_RDRAND | Bool | Enable RDRAND Hardware RNG Hash Seed.
ENABLE_THREADING | Bool | Enable partial threading support.
OVERRIDE_GET_RANDOM_SEED | String | A block of code to use instead of the default implementation of json_c_get_random_seed(), e.g. on embedded platforms where not even the fallback to time() works. Must be a single line.

Pass these options as `-D` on CMake's command-line.

    # build a static library only
    cmake -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF ..

### Building with partial threading support

Although json-c does not support fully multi-threaded access to object trees, it has some code to help make its use in threaded programs a bit safer. Currently, this is limited to using atomic operations for json_object_get() and json_object_put().

Since this may have a performance impact, of at least 3x slower according to https://stackoverflow.com/a/11609063, it is disabled by default. You may turn it on by adjusting your cmake command with: -DENABLE_THREADING=ON

Separately, the default hash function used for object field keys, lh_char_hash, uses a compare-and-swap operation to ensure the random seed is only generated once. Because this is a one-time operation, it is always compiled in when the compare-and-swap operation is available.

### cmake-configure wrapper script

For those familiar with the old autoconf/autogen.sh/configure method, there is a `cmake-configure` wrapper script to ease the transition to cmake.

    mkdir build
    cd build
    ../cmake-configure --prefix=/some/install/path
    make

cmake-configure can take a few options.

options | Description
--- | ---
prefix=PREFIX | install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
enable-threading | Enable code to support partly multi-threaded use
enable-rdrand | Enable RDRAND Hardware RNG Hash Seed generation on supported x86/x64 platforms.
enable-shared | build shared libraries [default=yes]
enable-static | build static libraries [default=yes]
disable-Bsymbolic | Avoid linking with -Bsymbolic-function
disable-werror | Avoid treating compiler warnings as fatal errors

## Testing:

By default, if valgrind is available running tests uses it. That can slow the tests down considerably, so to disable it use:

    export USE_VALGRIND=0

To run tests a separate build directory is recommended:

    mkdir build-test
    cd build-test
    # VALGRIND=1 causes -DVALGRIND=1 to be passed when compiling code
    # which uses slightly slower, but valgrind-safe code.
    VALGRIND=1 cmake ..
    make

    make test
    # By default, if valgrind is available running tests uses it.
    make USE_VALGRIND=0 test   # optionally skip using valgrind

If a test fails, check `Testing/Temporary/LastTest.log`, `tests/testSubDir/${testname}/${testname}.vg.out`, and other similar files. If there is insufficient output try:

    VERBOSE=1 make test

or

    JSONC_TEST_TRACE=1 make test

and check the log files again.

## Building on Unix and Windows with `vcpkg`

You can download and install JSON-C using the vcpkg dependency manager:

    git clone https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg.git
    cd vcpkg
    ./bootstrap-vcpkg.sh
    ./vcpkg integrate install
    vcpkg install json-c

The JSON-C port in vcpkg is kept up to date by Microsoft team members and community contributors. If the version is out of date, please create an issue or pull request on the vcpkg repository.

## Linking to `libjson-c`

If your system has `pkgconfig`, then you can just add this to your `makefile`:

    CFLAGS += $(shell pkg-config --cflags json-c)
    LDFLAGS += $(shell pkg-config --libs json-c)

Without `pkgconfig`, you would do something like this:

    JSON_C_DIR=/path/to/json_c/install
    CFLAGS += -I$(JSON_C_DIR)/include/json-c
    LDFLAGS+= -L$(JSON_C_DIR)/lib -ljson-c

## Using json-c

To use json-c you can either include json.h, or preferrably, one of the following more specific header files:

- json_object.h - Core types and methods.
- json_tokener.h - Methods for parsing and serializing json-c object trees.
- json_pointer.h - JSON Pointer (RFC 6901) implementation for retrieving objects from a json-c object tree.
- json_object_iterator.h - Methods for iterating over single json_object instances. (See also `json_object_object_foreach()` in json_object.h)
- json_visit.h - Methods for walking a tree of json-c objects.
- json_util.h - Miscelleanous utility functions.

For a full list of headers see files.html

The primary type in json-c is json_object. It describes a reference counted tree of json objects which are created by either parsing text with a json_tokener (i.e. `json_tokener_parse_ex()`), or by creating (with `json_object_new_object()`, `json_object_new_int()`, etc...) and adding (with `json_object_object_add()`, `json_object_array_add()`, etc...) them individually. Typically, every object in the tree will have one reference, from it's parent. When you are done with the tree of objects, you call json_object_put() on just the root object to free it, which recurses down through any child objects calling json_object_put() on each one of those in turn.

You can get a reference to a single child (`json_object_object_get()` or `json_object_array_get_idx()`) and use that object as long as its parent is valid. If you need a child object to live longer than its parent, you can increment the child's refcount (`json_object_get()`) to allow it to survive the parent being freed or it being removed from its parent (`json_object_object_del()` or `json_object_array_del_idx()`)

When parsing text, the json_tokener object is independent from the json_object that it returns. It can be allocated (`json_tokener_new()`) used ones or multiple times (`json_tokener_parse_ex()`, and freed (`json_tokener_free()`) while the json_object objects live on.

A json_object tree can be serialized back into a string with `json_object_to_json_string_ext()`. The string that is returned is only valid until the next "to_json_string" call on that same object. Also, it is freed when the json_object is freed.