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+# spring-boot-demo-dynamic-datasource
+
+> 此 demo 主要演示了 Spring Boot 项目如何通过接口`动态添加/删除`数据源，添加数据源之后如何`动态切换`数据源，然后使用 mybatis 查询切换后的数据源的数据。
+
+## 1. 环境准备
+
+1. 执行 db 目录下的SQL脚本
+2. 在默认数据源下执行 `init.sql`
+3. 在所有数据源分别执行 `user.sql`
+
+## 2. 主要代码
+
+### 2.1.pom.xml
+
+```xml
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+  <artifactId>spring-boot-demo-dynamic-datasource</artifactId>
+  <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+  <packaging>jar</packaging>
+
+  <name>spring-boot-demo-dynamic-datasource</name>
+  <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
+
+  <parent>
+    <groupId>com.xkcoding</groupId>
+    <artifactId>spring-boot-demo</artifactId>
+    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+  </parent>
+
+  <properties>
+    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
+    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
+  </properties>
+
+  <dependencies>
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
+      <artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
+      <version>2.1.5</version>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
+      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
+      <scope>runtime</scope>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
+      <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
+      <optional>true</optional>
+    </dependency>
+
+    <dependency>
+      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
+      <scope>test</scope>
+    </dependency>
+  </dependencies>
+
+  <build>
+    <finalName>spring-boot-demo-dynamic-datasource</finalName>
+    <plugins>
+      <plugin>
+        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+      </plugin>
+    </plugins>
+  </build>
+
+</project>
+```
+
+### 2.2. 基础配置类
+
+- DatasourceConfiguration.java
+
+> 这个类主要是通过 `DataSourceBuilder` 去构建一个我们自定义的数据源，将其放入 Spring 容器里
+
+```java
+/**
+ * <p>
+ * 数据源配置
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author yangkai.shen
+ * @date Created in 2019/9/4 10:27
+ */
+@Configuration
+public class DatasourceConfiguration {
+
+    @Bean
+    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
+    public DataSource dataSource() {
+        DataSourceBuilder<?> dataSourceBuilder = DataSourceBuilder.create();
+        dataSourceBuilder.type(DynamicDataSource.class);
+        return dataSourceBuilder.build();
+    }
+}
+```
+
+- MybatisConfiguration.java
+
+> 这个类主要是将我们上一步构建出来的数据源配置到 Mybatis 的 `SqlSessionFactory` 里
+
+```java
+/**
+ * <p>
+ * mybatis配置
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author yangkai.shen
+ * @date Created in 2019/9/4 16:20
+ */
+@Configuration
+@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.xkcoding.dynamicdatasource.mapper", sqlSessionFactoryRef = "sqlSessionFactory")
+public class MybatisConfiguration {
+    /**
+     * 创建会话工厂。
+     *
+     * @param dataSource 数据源
+     * @return 会话工厂
+     */
+    @Bean(name = "sqlSessionFactory")
+    @SneakyThrows
+    public SqlSessionFactory getSqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("dataSource") DataSource dataSource) {
+        SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
+        bean.setDataSource(dataSource);
+        return bean.getObject();
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### 2.3. 动态数据源主要逻辑
+
+- DatasourceConfigContextHolder.java
+
+> 该类主要用于绑定当前线程所使用的数据源 id，通过 ThreadLocal 保证同一线程内不可被修改
+
+```java
+/**
+ * <p>
+ * 数据源标识管理
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author yangkai.shen
+ * @date Created in 2019/9/4 14:16
+ */
+public class DatasourceConfigContextHolder {
+    private static final ThreadLocal<Long> DATASOURCE_HOLDER = ThreadLocal.withInitial(() -> DatasourceHolder.DEFAULT_ID);
+
+    /**
+     * 设置默认数据源
+     */
+    public static void setDefaultDatasource() {
+        DATASOURCE_HOLDER.remove();
+        setCurrentDatasourceConfig(DatasourceHolder.DEFAULT_ID);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 获取当前数据源配置id
+     *
+     * @return 数据源配置id
+     */
+    public static Long getCurrentDatasourceConfig() {
+        return DATASOURCE_HOLDER.get();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 设置当前数据源配置id
+     *
+     * @param id 数据源配置id
+     */
+    public static void setCurrentDatasourceConfig(Long id) {
+        DATASOURCE_HOLDER.set(id);
+    }
+
+}
+```
+
+- DynamicDataSource.java
+
+> 该类继承 `com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource`，主要用于动态切换数据源连接。
+
+```java
+/**
+ * <p>
+ * 动态数据源
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author yangkai.shen
+ * @date Created in 2019/9/4 10:41
+ */
+@Slf4j
+public class DynamicDataSource extends HikariDataSource {
+    @Override
+    public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
+        // 获取当前数据源 id
+        Long id = DatasourceConfigContextHolder.getCurrentDatasourceConfig();
+        // 根据当前id获取数据源
+        HikariDataSource datasource = DatasourceHolder.INSTANCE.getDatasource(id);
+
+        if (null == datasource) {
+            datasource = initDatasource(id);
+        }
+
+        return datasource.getConnection();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 初始化数据源
+     * @param id 数据源id
+     * @return 数据源
+     */
+    private HikariDataSource initDatasource(Long id) {
+        HikariDataSource dataSource = new HikariDataSource();
+
+        // 判断是否是默认数据源
+        if (DatasourceHolder.DEFAULT_ID.equals(id)) {
+            // 默认数据源根据 application.yml 配置的生成
+            DataSourceProperties properties = SpringUtil.getBean(DataSourceProperties.class);
+            dataSource.setJdbcUrl(properties.getUrl());
+            dataSource.setUsername(properties.getUsername());
+            dataSource.setPassword(properties.getPassword());
+            dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
+        } else {
+            // 不是默认数据源，通过缓存获取对应id的数据源的配置
+            DatasourceConfig datasourceConfig = DatasourceConfigCache.INSTANCE.getConfig(id);
+
+            if (datasourceConfig == null) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("无此数据源");
+            }
+
+            dataSource.setJdbcUrl(datasourceConfig.buildJdbcUrl());
+            dataSource.setUsername(datasourceConfig.getUsername());
+            dataSource.setPassword(datasourceConfig.getPassword());
+            dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
+        }
+        // 将创建的数据源添加到数据源管理器中，绑定当前线程
+        DatasourceHolder.INSTANCE.addDatasource(id, dataSource);
+        return dataSource;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+- DatasourceScheduler.java
+
+> 该类主要用于调度任务
+
+```java
+/**
+ * <p>
+ * 数据源缓存释放调度器
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author yangkai.shen
+ * @date Created in 2019/9/4 14:42
+ */
+public enum DatasourceScheduler {
+    /**
+     * 当前实例
+     */
+    INSTANCE;
+
+    private AtomicInteger cacheTaskNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
+    private ScheduledExecutorService scheduler;
+
+    DatasourceScheduler() {
+        create();
+    }
+
+    private void create() {
+        this.shutdown();
+        this.scheduler = new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(10, r -> new Thread(r, String.format("Datasource-Release-Task-%s", cacheTaskNumber.getAndIncrement())));
+    }
+
+    private void shutdown() {
+        if (null != this.scheduler) {
+            this.scheduler.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void schedule(Runnable task,long delay){
+        this.scheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(task, delay, delay, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+    }
+
+}
+```
+
+- DatasourceManager.java
+
+> 该类主要用于管理数据源，记录数据源最后使用时间，同时判断是否长时间未使用，超过一定时间未使用，会被释放连接
+
+```java
+/**
+ * <p>
+ * 数据源管理类
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author yangkai.shen
+ * @date Created in 2019/9/4 14:27
+ */
+public class DatasourceManager {
+    /**
+     * 默认释放时间
+     */
+    private static final Long DEFAULT_RELEASE = 10L;
+
+    /**
+     * 数据源
+     */
+    @Getter
+    private HikariDataSource dataSource;
+
+    /**
+     * 上一次使用时间
+     */
+    private LocalDateTime lastUseTime;
+
+    public DatasourceManager(HikariDataSource dataSource) {
+        this.dataSource = dataSource;
+        this.lastUseTime = LocalDateTime.now();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 是否已过期，如果过期则关闭数据源
+     *
+     * @return 是否过期，{@code true} 过期，{@code false} 未过期
+     */
+    public boolean isExpired() {
+        if (LocalDateTime.now().isBefore(this.lastUseTime.plusMinutes(DEFAULT_RELEASE))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        this.dataSource.close();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 刷新上次使用时间
+     */
+    public void refreshTime() {
+        this.lastUseTime = LocalDateTime.now();
+    }
+}
+```
+
+- DatasourceHolder.java
+
+> 该类主要用于管理数据源，同时通过 `DatasourceScheduler` 定时检查数据源是否长时间未使用，超时则释放连接
+
+```java
+/**
+ * <p>
+ * 数据源管理
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author yangkai.shen
+ * @date Created in 2019/9/4 14:23
+ */
+public enum DatasourceHolder {
+    /**
+     * 当前实例
+     */
+    INSTANCE;
+
+    /**
+     * 启动执行，定时5分钟清理一次
+     */
+    DatasourceHolder() {
+        DatasourceScheduler.INSTANCE.schedule(this::clearExpiredDatasource, 5 * 60 * 1000);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 默认数据源的id
+     */
+    public static final Long DEFAULT_ID = -1L;
+
+    /**
+     * 管理动态数据源列表。
+     */
+    private static final Map<Long, DatasourceManager> DATASOURCE_CACHE = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+    /**
+     * 添加动态数据源
+     *
+     * @param id         数据源id
+     * @param dataSource 数据源
+     */
+    public synchronized void addDatasource(Long id, HikariDataSource dataSource) {
+        DatasourceManager datasourceManager = new DatasourceManager(dataSource);
+        DATASOURCE_CACHE.put(id, datasourceManager);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 查询动态数据源
+     *
+     * @param id 数据源id
+     * @return 数据源
+     */
+    public synchronized HikariDataSource getDatasource(Long id) {
+        if (DATASOURCE_CACHE.containsKey(id)) {
+            DatasourceManager datasourceManager = DATASOURCE_CACHE.get(id);
+            datasourceManager.refreshTime();
+            return datasourceManager.getDataSource();
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 清除超时的数据源
+     */
+    public synchronized void clearExpiredDatasource() {
+        DATASOURCE_CACHE.forEach((k, v) -> {
+            // 排除默认数据源
+            if (!DEFAULT_ID.equals(k)) {
+                if (v.isExpired()) {
+                    DATASOURCE_CACHE.remove(k);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 清除动态数据源
+     * @param id 数据源id
+     */
+    public synchronized void removeDatasource(Long id) {
+        if (DATASOURCE_CACHE.containsKey(id)) {
+            // 关闭数据源
+            DATASOURCE_CACHE.get(id).getDataSource().close();
+            // 移除缓存
+            DATASOURCE_CACHE.remove(id);
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+- DatasourceConfigCache.java
+
+> 该类主要用于缓存数据源的配置，用户生成数据源时，获取数据源连接参数
+
+```java
+/**
+ * <p>
+ * 数据源配置缓存
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author yangkai.shen
+ * @date Created in 2019/9/4 17:13
+ */
+public enum DatasourceConfigCache {
+    /**
+     * 当前实例
+     */
+    INSTANCE;
+
+    /**
+     * 管理动态数据源列表。
+     */
+    private static final Map<Long, DatasourceConfig> CONFIG_CACHE = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+    /**
+     * 添加数据源配置
+     *
+     * @param id     数据源配置id
+     * @param config 数据源配置
+     */
+    public synchronized void addConfig(Long id, DatasourceConfig config) {
+        CONFIG_CACHE.put(id, config);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 查询数据源配置
+     *
+     * @param id 数据源配置id
+     * @return 数据源配置
+     */
+    public synchronized DatasourceConfig getConfig(Long id) {
+        if (CONFIG_CACHE.containsKey(id)) {
+            return CONFIG_CACHE.get(id);
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 清除数据源配置
+     */
+    public synchronized void removeConfig(Long id) {
+        CONFIG_CACHE.remove(id);
+        // 同步清除 DatasourceHolder 对应的数据源
+        DatasourceHolder.INSTANCE.removeDatasource(id);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### 2.4. 启动类
+
+> 启动后，使用默认数据源查询数据源配置列表，将其缓存到 `DatasourceConfigCache` 里，以供后续使用
+
+```java
+/**
+ * <p>
+ * 启动器
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author yangkai.shen
+ * @date Created in 2019/9/4 17:57
+ */
+@SpringBootApplication
+@RequiredArgsConstructor(onConstructor_ = @Autowired)
+public class SpringBootDemoDynamicDatasourceApplication implements CommandLineRunner {
+    private final DatasourceConfigMapper configMapper;
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        SpringApplication.run(SpringBootDemoDynamicDatasourceApplication.class, args);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run(String... args) {
+        // 设置默认的数据源
+        DatasourceConfigContextHolder.setDefaultDatasource();
+        // 查询所有数据库配置列表
+        List<DatasourceConfig> datasourceConfigs = configMapper.selectAll();
+        System.out.println("加载其余数据源配置列表: " + datasourceConfigs);
+        // 将数据库配置加入缓存
+        datasourceConfigs.forEach(config -> DatasourceConfigCache.INSTANCE.addConfig(config.getId(), config));
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### 2.5. 其余代码参考 demo
+
+## 3. 测试
+
+启动项目，可以看到控制台读取到数据库已配置的数据源信息
+
+![image-20190905164824155](assets/image-20190905164824155.png)
+
+通过 PostMan 等工具测试
+
+- 默认数据源查询
+
+![image-20190905165240373](assets/image-20190905165240373.png)
+
+- 根据数据源id为1的数据源查询
+
+![image-20190905165323097](assets/image-20190905165323097.png)
+
+- 根据数据源id为2的数据源查询
+
+![image-20190905165350355](assets/image-20190905165350355.png)
+
+- 可以通过测试数据源的`增加/删除`，再去查询对应数据源的数据
+
+> 删除数据源：
+>
+> - DELETE http://localhost:8080/config/{id}
+>
+> 新增数据源: 
+>
+> - POST http://localhost:8080/config
+>
+> - 参数：
+>
+> ```json
+> {
+>     "host": "数据库IP",
+>     "port": 3306,
+>     "username": "用户名",
+>     "password": "密码",
+>     "database": "数据库"
+> }
+> ```
+
+## 4. 优化
+
+如上测试，我们只需要通过在 header 里传递数据源的参数，即可做到动态切换数据源，怎么做到的呢？
+
+答案就是 `AOP`
+
+```java
+/**
+ * <p>
+ * 数据源选择器切面
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author yangkai.shen
+ * @date Created in 2019/9/4 16:52
+ */
+@Aspect
+@Component
+@RequiredArgsConstructor(onConstructor_ = @Autowired)
+public class DatasourceSelectorAspect {
+    @Pointcut("execution(public * com.xkcoding.dynamic.datasource.controller.*.*(..))")
+    public void datasourcePointcut() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 前置操作，拦截具体请求，获取header里的数据源id，设置线程变量里，用于后续切换数据源
+     */
+    @Before("datasourcePointcut()")
+    public void doBefore(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
+        Signature signature = joinPoint.getSignature();
+        MethodSignature methodSignature = (MethodSignature) signature;
+        Method method = methodSignature.getMethod();
+
+        // 排除不可切换数据源的方法
+        DefaultDatasource annotation = method.getAnnotation(DefaultDatasource.class);
+        if (null != annotation) {
+            DatasourceConfigContextHolder.setDefaultDatasource();
+        } else {
+            RequestAttributes requestAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
+            ServletRequestAttributes attributes = (ServletRequestAttributes) requestAttributes;
+            HttpServletRequest request = attributes.getRequest();
+            String configIdInHeader = request.getHeader("Datasource-Config-Id");
+            if (StringUtils.hasText(configIdInHeader)) {
+                long configId = Long.parseLong(configIdInHeader);
+                DatasourceConfigContextHolder.setCurrentDatasourceConfig(configId);
+            } else {
+                DatasourceConfigContextHolder.setDefaultDatasource();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 后置操作，设置回默认的数据源id
+     */
+    @AfterReturning("datasourcePointcut()")
+    public void doAfter() {
+        DatasourceConfigContextHolder.setDefaultDatasource();
+    }
+
+}
+```
+
+此时需要考虑，我们是否每个方法都允许用户去切换数据源呢？答案肯定是不行的，所以我们定义了一个注解去标识，当前方法仅可以使用默认数据源。
+
+```java
+/**
+ * <p>
+ * 用户标识仅可以使用默认数据源
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author yangkai.shen
+ * @date Created in 2019/9/4 17:37
+ */
+@Target({ElementType.METHOD})
+@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+@Documented
+public @interface DefaultDatasource {
+}
+```
+
+完结，撒花✿✿ヽ(°▽°)ノ✿
\ No newline at end of file
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