diff --git a/fastNLP/core/callbacks/topk_saver.py b/fastNLP/core/callbacks/topk_saver.py
index e1dac878..d2b9ad58 100644
--- a/fastNLP/core/callbacks/topk_saver.py
+++ b/fastNLP/core/callbacks/topk_saver.py
@@ -205,6 +205,8 @@ class TopkSaver(ResultsMonitor, Saver):
     def __init__(self, topk:int=0, monitor:str=None, larger_better:bool=True, folder:str=None, save_object:str='model',
                  only_state_dict:bool=True, model_save_fn:Callable=None, save_evaluate_results:bool=True,
                  **kwargs):
+        if topk is None:
+            topk = 0
         ResultsMonitor.__init__(self, monitor, larger_better)
         Saver.__init__(self, folder, save_object, only_state_dict, model_save_fn, **kwargs)
 
diff --git a/fastNLP/core/collators/padders/jittor_padder.py b/fastNLP/core/collators/padders/jittor_padder.py
index 5fcc469b..5d942b99 100644
--- a/fastNLP/core/collators/padders/jittor_padder.py
+++ b/fastNLP/core/collators/padders/jittor_padder.py
@@ -134,7 +134,11 @@ class JittorTensorPadder(Padder):
                                f"it must have tolist() method.")
 
         shapes = [field.shape for field in batch_field]
-        max_shape = [len(batch_field)] + [max(*_) for _ in zip(*shapes)]
+        if len(batch_field) < 2:
+            max_shape = [len(batch_field)] + list(shapes[0])
+        else:
+            max_shape = [len(batch_field)] + [max(*_) for _ in zip(*shapes)]
+
         # if dtype is not None:
         #     tensor = jittor.full(max_shape, pad_val, dtype=dtype)
         # else:
diff --git a/fastNLP/core/collators/padders/numpy_padder.py b/fastNLP/core/collators/padders/numpy_padder.py
index 5f2d70a9..688c2859 100644
--- a/fastNLP/core/collators/padders/numpy_padder.py
+++ b/fastNLP/core/collators/padders/numpy_padder.py
@@ -97,7 +97,11 @@ class NumpyTensorPadder(Padder):
                                f"it must have tolist() method.")
 
         shapes = [field.shape for field in batch_field]
-        max_shape = [len(batch_field)] + [max(*_) for _ in zip(*shapes)]
+        if len(batch_field) < 2:
+            max_shape = [len(batch_field)] + list(shapes[0])
+        else:
+            max_shape = [len(batch_field)] + [max(*_) for _ in zip(*shapes)]
+
         array = np.full(max_shape, fill_value=pad_val, dtype=dtype)
         for i, field in enumerate(batch_field):
             slices = (i, ) + tuple(slice(0, s) for s in shapes[i])
diff --git a/fastNLP/core/collators/padders/paddle_padder.py b/fastNLP/core/collators/padders/paddle_padder.py
index a891eb9f..1aed4228 100644
--- a/fastNLP/core/collators/padders/paddle_padder.py
+++ b/fastNLP/core/collators/padders/paddle_padder.py
@@ -140,7 +140,11 @@ class PaddleTensorPadder(Padder):
                                f"it must have tolist() method.")
 
         shapes = [field.shape for field in batch_field]
-        max_shape = [len(batch_field)] + [max(*_) for _ in zip(*shapes)]
+        if len(batch_field) < 2:
+            max_shape = [len(batch_field)] + list(shapes[0])
+        else:
+            max_shape = [len(batch_field)] + [max(*_) for _ in zip(*shapes)]
+
         if isinstance(batch_field[0], paddle.Tensor):
             array = paddle.full(max_shape, fill_value=pad_val, dtype=dtype)
         else:
diff --git a/fastNLP/core/collators/padders/torch_padder.py b/fastNLP/core/collators/padders/torch_padder.py
index 9ef2a12d..ce30abcb 100644
--- a/fastNLP/core/collators/padders/torch_padder.py
+++ b/fastNLP/core/collators/padders/torch_padder.py
@@ -132,7 +132,11 @@ class TorchTensorPadder(Padder):
                                f"it must have tolist() method.")
 
         shapes = [field.shape for field in batch_field]
-        max_shape = [len(batch_field)] + [max(*_) for _ in zip(*shapes)]
+        if len(batch_field) < 2:
+            max_shape = [len(batch_field)] + list(shapes[0])
+        else:
+            max_shape = [len(batch_field)] + [max(*_) for _ in zip(*shapes)]
+
         tensor = torch.full(max_shape, fill_value=pad_val, dtype=dtype, device=device)
         for i, field in enumerate(batch_field):
             slices = (i, ) + tuple(slice(0, s) for s in shapes[i])
diff --git a/fastNLP/core/collators/padders/utils.py b/fastNLP/core/collators/padders/utils.py
index b322897f..e4a258a8 100644
--- a/fastNLP/core/collators/padders/utils.py
+++ b/fastNLP/core/collators/padders/utils.py
@@ -32,7 +32,11 @@ def get_shape(batch_field:List, shape=None):
             if isinstance(batch_field[0], Sequence):
                 for _field in batch_field:
                     shapes.append(get_shape(_field, _shape))
-                max_shape = [max(_) for _ in zip(*shapes)]
+                if len(shapes) == 1:
+                    max_shape = shapes[0]
+                else:
+                    max_shape = [max(_) for _ in zip(*shapes)]
+
                 return max_shape
         except IndexError:  # 空的shape
             pass
diff --git a/fastNLP/core/controllers/trainer.py b/fastNLP/core/controllers/trainer.py
index df6bf176..81ddd3e8 100644
--- a/fastNLP/core/controllers/trainer.py
+++ b/fastNLP/core/controllers/trainer.py
@@ -618,9 +618,9 @@ class Trainer(TrainerEventTrigger):
             if not catch_KeyboardInterrupt:
                 raise e
         except RuntimeError as e:
-            if 'torch' in self.driver_name.lower():  # 如果是 torch ，需要检测一下 find_unused_parameters
+            if 'torch' in self.driver_name.lower() and len(e.args) > 0:  # 如果是 torch ，需要检测一下 find_unused_parameters
                 if 'find_unused_parameters' in e.args[0]:
-                    logger.error("You may need to pass `torch_ddp_kwargs={'find_unused_parameters': True}` in the "
+                    logger.error("You may need to pass `torch_kwargs={'ddp_kwargs':{'find_unused_parameters': True}}` in the "
                                  "Trainer initialization to avoid this error.")
             self.driver.on_exception()
             self.on_exception(e)
diff --git a/fastNLP/core/dataloaders/paddle_dataloader/fdl.py b/fastNLP/core/dataloaders/paddle_dataloader/fdl.py
index a814f502..6082fb1a 100644
--- a/fastNLP/core/dataloaders/paddle_dataloader/fdl.py
+++ b/fastNLP/core/dataloaders/paddle_dataloader/fdl.py
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ class PaddleDataLoader(DataLoader):
 def prepare_paddle_dataloader(ds_or_db, feed_list=None, places=None,
                               return_list: bool = True,
                               batch_sampler: Union["Sampler[Sequence[int]]", ReproducibleBatchSampler] = None,
-                              train_batch_size: int = 1, shuffle: bool = False,
+                              batch_size: int = 1, shuffle: bool = False,
                               drop_last: bool = False, collate_fn: Union[Callable, str, None] = 'auto',
                               num_workers: int = 0, use_buffer_reader: bool = True,
                               use_shared_memory: bool = True, timeout: int = 0,
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ def prepare_paddle_dataloader(ds_or_db, feed_list=None, places=None,
     from fastNLP.io.data_bundle import DataBundle
     if isinstance(ds_or_db, Dataset):
         dl = PaddleDataLoader(ds_or_db, feed_list=feed_list, places=places, return_list=return_list,
-                              batch_sampler=batch_sampler, batch_size=train_batch_size, shuffle=shuffle,
+                              batch_sampler=batch_sampler, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=shuffle,
                               drop_last=drop_last, collate_fn=collate_fn, num_workers=num_workers,
                               use_shared_memory=use_shared_memory, use_buffer_reader=use_buffer_reader,
                               timeout=timeout, worker_init_fn=worker_init_fn, persistent_workers=persistent_workers)
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ def prepare_paddle_dataloader(ds_or_db, feed_list=None, places=None,
             if 'train' in name:
                 dl_bundle[name] = PaddleDataLoader(ds, feed_list=feed_list, places=places,
                                                    return_list=return_list,
-                                                   batch_sampler=batch_sampler, batch_size=train_batch_size,
+                                                   batch_sampler=batch_sampler, batch_size=batch_size,
                                                    shuffle=shuffle,
                                                    drop_last=drop_last, collate_fn=collate_fn, num_workers=num_workers,
                                                    use_shared_memory=use_shared_memory,
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ def prepare_paddle_dataloader(ds_or_db, feed_list=None, places=None,
         ds_seq = []
         for ds in ds_or_db:
             dl = PaddleDataLoader(ds, feed_list=feed_list, places=places, return_list=return_list,
-                                  batch_sampler=batch_sampler, batch_size=train_batch_size, shuffle=shuffle,
+                                  batch_sampler=batch_sampler, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=shuffle,
                                   drop_last=drop_last, collate_fn=collate_fn, num_workers=num_workers,
                                   use_shared_memory=use_shared_memory, use_buffer_reader=use_buffer_reader,
                                   timeout=timeout, worker_init_fn=worker_init_fn, persistent_workers=persistent_workers)
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ def prepare_paddle_dataloader(ds_or_db, feed_list=None, places=None,
         for name, ds in ds_or_db.items():
             if 'train' in name:
                 dl = PaddleDataLoader(ds, feed_list=feed_list, places=places, return_list=return_list,
-                                      batch_sampler=batch_sampler, batch_size=train_batch_size, shuffle=shuffle,
+                                      batch_sampler=batch_sampler, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=shuffle,
                                       drop_last=drop_last, collate_fn=collate_fn, num_workers=num_workers,
                                       use_shared_memory=use_shared_memory, use_buffer_reader=use_buffer_reader,
                                       timeout=timeout, worker_init_fn=worker_init_fn,
diff --git a/fastNLP/core/dataloaders/prepare_dataloader.py b/fastNLP/core/dataloaders/prepare_dataloader.py
index 33764c6f..591c919c 100644
--- a/fastNLP/core/dataloaders/prepare_dataloader.py
+++ b/fastNLP/core/dataloaders/prepare_dataloader.py
@@ -109,6 +109,9 @@ def _get_backend():
         if len(available_backends) == 1:
             backend = available_backends.pop()
             logger.debug(f"Get Dataloader backend:{backend} from sys.modules.")
+        elif len(available_backends) > 1:
+            raise RuntimeError("Fail to detect dataloader backend automatically, because multiple backends:"
+                                f"{available_backends} has been imported.")
         else:
             raise RuntimeError("Fail to detect dataloader backend automatically, please set it manually.")
     return backend
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/fastNLP/core/dataloaders/torch_dataloader/fdl.py b/fastNLP/core/dataloaders/torch_dataloader/fdl.py
index 3be1c3f9..065504a6 100644
--- a/fastNLP/core/dataloaders/torch_dataloader/fdl.py
+++ b/fastNLP/core/dataloaders/torch_dataloader/fdl.py
@@ -78,9 +78,14 @@ class TorchDataLoader(DataLoader):
         if not isinstance(dataset, _FDataSet):
             dataset = _FDataSet(dataset)
 
-        if sampler is None and batch_sampler is None:
+        if batch_sampler is not None:
+            batch_size = 1
+            shuffle = False
+            sampler = None
+        elif sampler is None:
             sampler = RandomSampler(dataset, shuffle=shuffle)
             shuffle = False
+
         if isinstance(collate_fn, str):
             if collate_fn == 'auto':
                 if isinstance(dataset.dataset, DataSet):  # 使用了 fastnlp dataset
@@ -179,7 +184,7 @@ class TorchDataLoader(DataLoader):
 
 
 def prepare_torch_dataloader(ds_or_db,
-                             train_batch_size: int = 16,
+                             batch_size: int = 16,
                              shuffle: bool = False,
                              sampler: Union["Sampler[int]", ReproducibleSampler, UnrepeatedSampler] = None,
                              batch_sampler: Union["Sampler[Sequence[int]]", ReproducibleBatchSampler] = None,
@@ -215,7 +220,7 @@ def prepare_torch_dataloader(ds_or_db,
 
     from fastNLP.io import DataBundle
     if isinstance(ds_or_db, DataSet):
-        dl = TorchDataLoader(dataset=ds_or_db, batch_size=train_batch_size,
+        dl = TorchDataLoader(dataset=ds_or_db, batch_size=batch_size,
                              shuffle=shuffle, sampler=sampler, batch_sampler=batch_sampler,
                              num_workers=num_workers, collate_fn=collate_fn, pin_memory=pin_memory,
                              drop_last=drop_last, timeout=timeout, worker_init_fn=worker_init_fn,
@@ -228,7 +233,7 @@ def prepare_torch_dataloader(ds_or_db,
         dl_bundle = {}
         for name, ds in ds_or_db.iter_datasets():
             if 'train' in name:
-                dl_bundle[name] = TorchDataLoader(dataset=ds, batch_size=train_batch_size,
+                dl_bundle[name] = TorchDataLoader(dataset=ds, batch_size=batch_size,
                                                   shuffle=shuffle, sampler=sampler, batch_sampler=batch_sampler,
                                                   num_workers=num_workers, collate_fn=collate_fn, pin_memory=pin_memory,
                                                   drop_last=drop_last, timeout=timeout, worker_init_fn=worker_init_fn,
@@ -237,7 +242,7 @@ def prepare_torch_dataloader(ds_or_db,
                                                   persistent_workers=persistent_workers,
                                                   )
             else:
-                dl_bundle[name] = TorchDataLoader(dataset=ds, batch_size=non_train_batch_size if non_train_batch_size else train_batch_size,
+                dl_bundle[name] = TorchDataLoader(dataset=ds, batch_size=non_train_batch_size if non_train_batch_size else batch_size,
                                                   shuffle=shuffle, sampler=non_train_sampler if non_train_sampler else sampler,
                                                   batch_sampler=batch_sampler,
                                                   num_workers=num_workers, collate_fn=collate_fn, pin_memory=pin_memory,
@@ -252,10 +257,10 @@ def prepare_torch_dataloader(ds_or_db,
         dl_bundle = []
         for idx, ds in enumerate(ds_or_db):
             if idx > 0:
-                train_batch_size = non_train_batch_size if non_train_batch_size else train_batch_size
+                batch_size = non_train_batch_size if non_train_batch_size else batch_size
                 sampler = non_train_sampler if non_train_sampler else sampler
             dl_bundle.append(
-                TorchDataLoader(dataset=ds, batch_size=train_batch_size,
+                TorchDataLoader(dataset=ds, batch_size=batch_size,
                                 shuffle=shuffle, sampler=sampler, batch_sampler=batch_sampler,
                                 num_workers=num_workers, collate_fn=collate_fn, pin_memory=pin_memory,
                                 drop_last=drop_last, timeout=timeout, worker_init_fn=worker_init_fn,
@@ -269,7 +274,7 @@ def prepare_torch_dataloader(ds_or_db,
         dl_bundle = {}
         for name, ds in ds_or_db.items():
             if 'train' in name:
-                dl_bundle[name] = TorchDataLoader(dataset=ds, batch_size=train_batch_size,
+                dl_bundle[name] = TorchDataLoader(dataset=ds, batch_size=batch_size,
                                                   shuffle=shuffle, sampler=sampler, batch_sampler=batch_sampler,
                                                   num_workers=num_workers, collate_fn=collate_fn, pin_memory=pin_memory,
                                                   drop_last=drop_last, timeout=timeout, worker_init_fn=worker_init_fn,
@@ -278,7 +283,7 @@ def prepare_torch_dataloader(ds_or_db,
                                                   persistent_workers=persistent_workers,
                                                   )
             else:
-                dl_bundle[name] = TorchDataLoader(dataset=ds, batch_size=non_train_batch_size if non_train_batch_size else train_batch_size,
+                dl_bundle[name] = TorchDataLoader(dataset=ds, batch_size=non_train_batch_size if non_train_batch_size else batch_size,
                                                   shuffle=shuffle, sampler=non_train_sampler if non_train_sampler else sampler,
                                                   batch_sampler=batch_sampler,
                                                   num_workers=num_workers, collate_fn=collate_fn, pin_memory=pin_memory,
diff --git a/fastNLP/core/dataset/dataset.py b/fastNLP/core/dataset/dataset.py
index 6bec175b..a68c8ea6 100644
--- a/fastNLP/core/dataset/dataset.py
+++ b/fastNLP/core/dataset/dataset.py
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ class DataSet:
         :param progress_desc: 进度条的描述字符，默认为'Main
         """
         if isinstance(func, LambdaType) and num_proc>1 and func.__name__ == "<lambda>":
-            raise ("Lambda function does not support multiple processes, please set `num_proc=0`.")
+            raise TypeError("Lambda function does not support multiple processes, please set `num_proc=0`.")
         if num_proc>1 and sys.platform in ('win32', 'msys', 'cygwin'):
             raise RuntimeError("Your platform does not support multiprocessing with fork, please set `num_proc=0`")
 
diff --git a/fastNLP/core/samplers/reproducible_batch_sampler.py b/fastNLP/core/samplers/reproducible_batch_sampler.py
index 520ad9ba..29ff66d3 100644
--- a/fastNLP/core/samplers/reproducible_batch_sampler.py
+++ b/fastNLP/core/samplers/reproducible_batch_sampler.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ __all__ = [
 
 import math
 from copy import deepcopy
-from typing import Dict, Union, List
+from typing import Dict, Union, List, Sequence
 from itertools import chain
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -390,17 +390,20 @@ class BucketedBatchSampler(ReproducibleBatchSampler):
             length = dataset.get_field(length).content
             if not isinstance(length[0], int):
                 length = list(map(len, length))
+            self.length = np.array(length, dtype=int)
+            self.sorted_indices = np.argsort(self.length)[::-1]  # 按长度从高到低排序的
         else:
-            types = set(map(type, length))
-            assert isinstance(length, list) and len(types)==1 and types.pop()==int, \
-                "When the dataset is not fastNLP.DataSet, the length parameter can only be List[int]"
+            try:
+                self.length = np.array(length, dtype=int)
+                self.sorted_indices = np.argsort(length)[::-1]
+            except BaseException as e:
+                logger.error(f"Cannot use {self.__class__.__name__} as length, since it is not sortable.")
 
         assert len(length) == len(dataset), f"The length of `dataset`({len(dataset)}) and " \
                                             f"`length`({len(length)}) should be equal."
+        assert len(self.sorted_indices) == len(dataset), "The indices and dataset should have equal length."
 
         self.dataset = dataset
-        self.length = np.array(length, dtype=int)  # 按照长到短排列的序号。
-        self.sorted_indices = np.argsort(self.length)[::-1]  # 按长度从高到低排序的
 
         self.batch_size = batch_size
         self.num_batch_per_bucket = num_batch_per_bucket
diff --git a/fastNLP/core/samplers/reproducible_sampler.py b/fastNLP/core/samplers/reproducible_sampler.py
index 599f465f..dbb4d0c3 100644
--- a/fastNLP/core/samplers/reproducible_sampler.py
+++ b/fastNLP/core/samplers/reproducible_sampler.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ __all__ = [
     "SequentialSampler"
 ]
 
-from typing import Dict, List, Union
+from typing import Dict, List, Union, Sequence
 import math
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -305,12 +305,18 @@ class SortedSampler(SequentialSampler):
             length = dataset.get_field(length).content
             if not isinstance(length[0], int):
                 length = list(map(len, length))
+            self.length = np.array(length, dtype=int)
+            self.sorted_indices = np.argsort(self.length)[::-1]  # 按长度从高到低排序的
         else:
-            types = set(map(type, length))
-            assert isinstance(length, list) and len(types)==1 and types.pop()==int, \
-                "When the dataset is not fastNLP.DataSet, the length parameter can only be List[int]"
-
-        assert len(length) == len(dataset), "The length of `data` and `length` should be equal."
+            try:
+                self.length = np.array(length, dtype=int)
+                self.sorted_indices = np.argsort(length)[::-1]
+            except BaseException as e:
+                logger.error(f"Cannot use {self.__class__.__name__} as length, since it is not sortable.")
+
+        assert len(length) == len(dataset), f"The length of `dataset`({len(dataset)}) and " \
+                                            f"`length`({len(length)}) should be equal."
+        assert len(self.sorted_indices) == len(dataset), "The indices and dataset should have equal length."
 
         self.length = np.array(length, dtype=int)  # 按照长到短排列的序号。
         self.sorted_indices = np.argsort(self.length)[::-1].tolist()  # 按长度从高到低排序的
diff --git a/tests/core/dataset/test_dataset.py b/tests/core/dataset/test_dataset.py
index 95b2d17c..f8458a0c 100644
--- a/tests/core/dataset/test_dataset.py
+++ b/tests/core/dataset/test_dataset.py
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ class TestDataSetMethods:
         ds.apply(lambda ins: len(ins["y"]), new_field_name="y", progress_bar=None)
         assert ds.field_arrays["y"].content[0] == 2
 
-        res = ds.apply(lambda ins: len(ins["x"]), num_proc=2, progress_desc="len")
+        res = ds.apply(lambda ins: len(ins["x"]), num_proc=0, progress_desc="len")
         assert (isinstance(res, list) and len(res) > 0) == True
         assert res[0] == 4
 
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ class TestDataSetMethods:
 
     def test_apply_proc(self):
         data = DataSet({'x': ['xxxxas1w xw zxw xz', 'xxxxas1w xw zxw xz'] * 100, 'y': [0, 1] * 100})
-        data.apply_field(lambda x: len(x), field_name='x', new_field_name='len_x', num_proc=2)
+        data.apply_field(lambda x: len(x), field_name='x', new_field_name='len_x', num_proc=0)
 
 
 class TestFieldArrayInit:
diff --git a/tests/core/utils/test_paddle_utils.py b/tests/core/utils/test_paddle_utils.py
index c5daac63..ecabc1df 100644
--- a/tests/core/utils/test_paddle_utils.py
+++ b/tests/core/utils/test_paddle_utils.py
@@ -87,16 +87,10 @@ class TestPaddleMoveDataToDevice:
         """
 
         paddle_tensor = paddle.rand((3, 4, 5)).cpu()
-        res = paddle_move_data_to_device(paddle_tensor, device=None, data_device=None)
+        res = paddle_move_data_to_device(paddle_tensor, device=None)
         self.check_cpu(res)
 
-        res = paddle_move_data_to_device(paddle_tensor, device="gpu:0", data_device=None)
-        self.check_gpu(res, 0)
-
-        res = paddle_move_data_to_device(paddle_tensor, device="gpu:0", data_device="cpu")
-        self.check_gpu(res, 0)
-
-        res = paddle_move_data_to_device(paddle_tensor, device=None, data_device="gpu:0")
+        res = paddle_move_data_to_device(paddle_tensor, device="gpu:0")
         self.check_gpu(res, 0)
 
     def test_list_transfer(self):
@@ -106,12 +100,12 @@ class TestPaddleMoveDataToDevice:
 
         paddle_list = [paddle.rand((6, 4, 2)) for i in range(10)]
 
-        res = paddle_move_data_to_device(paddle_list, device="cpu", data_device="gpu:1")
+        res = paddle_move_data_to_device(paddle_list, device="cpu")
         assert isinstance(res, list)
         for r in res:
             self.check_cpu(r)
 
-        res = paddle_move_data_to_device(paddle_list, device="gpu:0", data_device=None)
+        res = paddle_move_data_to_device(paddle_list, device="gpu:0")
         assert isinstance(res, list)
         for r in res:
             self.check_gpu(r, 0)
@@ -124,12 +118,12 @@ class TestPaddleMoveDataToDevice:
         paddle_list = [paddle.rand((6, 4, 2)) for i in range(10)]
         paddle_tuple = tuple(paddle_list)
 
-        res = paddle_move_data_to_device(paddle_tuple, device="cpu", data_device="gpu:1")
+        res = paddle_move_data_to_device(paddle_tuple, device="cpu")
         assert isinstance(res, tuple)
         for r in res:
             self.check_cpu(r)
 
-        res = paddle_move_data_to_device(paddle_tuple, device="gpu:0", data_device=None)
+        res = paddle_move_data_to_device(paddle_tuple, device="gpu:0")
         assert isinstance(res, tuple)
         for r in res:
             self.check_gpu(r, 0)
@@ -150,7 +144,7 @@ class TestPaddleMoveDataToDevice:
             "string": "test string"
         }
 
-        res = paddle_move_data_to_device(paddle_dict, device="gpu:0", data_device=None)
+        res = paddle_move_data_to_device(paddle_dict, device="gpu:0")
         assert isinstance(res, dict)
         self.check_gpu(res["tensor"], 0)
         assert isinstance(res["list"], list)
@@ -164,7 +158,7 @@ class TestPaddleMoveDataToDevice:
             self.check_gpu(t, 0)
         self.check_gpu(res["dict"]["tensor"], 0)
 
-        res = paddle_move_data_to_device(paddle_dict, device="gpu:0", data_device="cpu")
+        res = paddle_move_data_to_device(paddle_dict, device="gpu:0")
         assert isinstance(res, dict)
         self.check_gpu(res["tensor"], 0)
         assert isinstance(res["list"], list)
@@ -178,7 +172,7 @@ class TestPaddleMoveDataToDevice:
             self.check_gpu(t, 0)
         self.check_gpu(res["dict"]["tensor"], 0)
 
-        res = paddle_move_data_to_device(paddle_dict, device="cpu", data_device="gpu:0")
+        res = paddle_move_data_to_device(paddle_dict, device="cpu")
         assert isinstance(res, dict)
         self.check_cpu(res["tensor"])
         assert isinstance(res["list"], list)
diff --git a/tests/modules/mix_modules/test_utils.py b/tests/modules/mix_modules/test_utils.py
index 890a714a..c046d648 100644
--- a/tests/modules/mix_modules/test_utils.py
+++ b/tests/modules/mix_modules/test_utils.py
@@ -56,13 +56,13 @@ class TestPaddle2Torch:
         res = paddle2torch(paddle_tensor)
         self.check_torch_tensor(res, "cpu", not paddle_tensor.stop_gradient)
 
-        res = paddle2torch(paddle_tensor, target_device="cuda:2", no_gradient=None)
+        res = paddle2torch(paddle_tensor, device="cuda:2", no_gradient=None)
         self.check_torch_tensor(res, "cuda:2", not paddle_tensor.stop_gradient)
 
-        res = paddle2torch(paddle_tensor, target_device="cuda:1", no_gradient=True)
+        res = paddle2torch(paddle_tensor, device="cuda:1", no_gradient=True)
         self.check_torch_tensor(res, "cuda:1", False)
 
-        res = paddle2torch(paddle_tensor, target_device="cuda:1", no_gradient=False)
+        res = paddle2torch(paddle_tensor, device="cuda:1", no_gradient=False)
         self.check_torch_tensor(res, "cuda:1", True)
 
     def test_list_transfer(self):
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class TestPaddle2Torch:
         for t in res:
             self.check_torch_tensor(t, "cuda:1", False)
 
-        res = paddle2torch(paddle_list, target_device="cpu", no_gradient=False)
+        res = paddle2torch(paddle_list, device="cpu", no_gradient=False)
         assert isinstance(res, list)
         for t in res:
             self.check_torch_tensor(t, "cpu", True)
@@ -176,13 +176,13 @@ class TestTorch2Paddle:
         res = torch2paddle(torch_tensor)
         self.check_paddle_tensor(res, "cpu", True)
 
-        res = torch2paddle(torch_tensor, target_device="gpu:2", no_gradient=None)
+        res = torch2paddle(torch_tensor, device="gpu:2", no_gradient=None)
         self.check_paddle_tensor(res, "gpu:2", True)
 
-        res = torch2paddle(torch_tensor, target_device="gpu:2", no_gradient=True)
+        res = torch2paddle(torch_tensor, device="gpu:2", no_gradient=True)
         self.check_paddle_tensor(res, "gpu:2", True)
 
-        res = torch2paddle(torch_tensor, target_device="gpu:2", no_gradient=False)
+        res = torch2paddle(torch_tensor, device="gpu:2", no_gradient=False)
         self.check_paddle_tensor(res, "gpu:2", False)
 
     def test_tensor_list_transfer(self):
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ class TestTorch2Paddle:
         for t in res:
             self.check_paddle_tensor(t, "cpu", True)
 
-        res = torch2paddle(torch_list, target_device="gpu:1", no_gradient=False)
+        res = torch2paddle(torch_list, device="gpu:1", no_gradient=False)
         assert isinstance(res, list)
         for t in res:
             self.check_paddle_tensor(t, "gpu:1", False)
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ class TestTorch2Paddle:
         
         torch_list = [torch.rand(6, 4, 2) for i in range(10)]
         torch_tuple = tuple(torch_list)
-        res = torch2paddle(torch_tuple, target_device="cpu")
+        res = torch2paddle(torch_tuple, device="cpu")
         assert isinstance(res, tuple)
         for t in res:
             self.check_paddle_tensor(t, "cpu", True)
@@ -249,6 +249,7 @@ class TestTorch2Paddle:
 #
 ############################################################################
 
+@pytest.mark.torchjittor
 class TestJittor2Torch:
 
     def check_torch_tensor(self, tensor, device, requires_grad):
@@ -272,13 +273,13 @@ class TestJittor2Torch:
         res = jittor2torch(jittor_var)
         self.check_torch_tensor(res, "cpu", True)
 
-        res = jittor2torch(jittor_var, target_device="cuda:2", no_gradient=None)
+        res = jittor2torch(jittor_var, device="cuda:2", no_gradient=None)
         self.check_torch_tensor(res, "cuda:2", True)
 
-        res = jittor2torch(jittor_var, target_device="cuda:2", no_gradient=True)
+        res = jittor2torch(jittor_var, device="cuda:2", no_gradient=True)
         self.check_torch_tensor(res, "cuda:2", False)
 
-        res = jittor2torch(jittor_var, target_device="cuda:2", no_gradient=False)
+        res = jittor2torch(jittor_var, device="cuda:2", no_gradient=False)
         self.check_torch_tensor(res, "cuda:2", True)
 
     def test_var_list_transfer(self):
@@ -292,7 +293,7 @@ class TestJittor2Torch:
         for t in res:
             self.check_torch_tensor(t, "cpu", True)
 
-        res = jittor2torch(jittor_list, target_device="cuda:1", no_gradient=False)
+        res = jittor2torch(jittor_list, device="cuda:1", no_gradient=False)
         assert isinstance(res, list)
         for t in res:
             self.check_torch_tensor(t, "cuda:1", True)
@@ -304,7 +305,7 @@ class TestJittor2Torch:
 
         jittor_list = [jittor.rand((6, 4, 2)) for i in range(10)]
         jittor_tuple = tuple(jittor_list)
-        res = jittor2torch(jittor_tuple, target_device="cpu")
+        res = jittor2torch(jittor_tuple, device="cpu")
         assert isinstance(res, tuple)
         for t in res:
             self.check_torch_tensor(t, "cpu", True)
@@ -345,6 +346,7 @@ class TestJittor2Torch:
 #
 ############################################################################
 
+@pytest.mark.torchjittor
 class TestTorch2Jittor:
 
     def check_jittor_var(self, var, requires_grad):
diff --git a/tests/pytest.ini b/tests/pytest.ini
index 5015a002..27076810 100644
--- a/tests/pytest.ini
+++ b/tests/pytest.ini
@@ -4,4 +4,5 @@ markers =
     paddle
     paddledist
     jittor
-    torchpaddle
\ No newline at end of file
+    torchpaddle
+    torchjittor
\ No newline at end of file